RealMedia


Contents
The following info is designed to help you understand Progressive Networks technology and get a quick start creating even more fun and interesting pages with streaming audio and video content.
  1. How RealAudio and RealVideo client-server model works
  2. Sample sites
  3. RealVideo Elements, RealMedia Formats
  4. Get started Creating Content
  5. RealEncoder - SDK
  6. RealAudio Codecs and RealVideo Templates
  7. RealServer
  8. Online Documentation

1. The Client/Server Model

The client/server model is the core of Progressive Network's audio-video software. The server provides the content to the client (the Player) over networks such as the internet. You create content such as audio or video -- like radio or TV -- and encode it into RealMedia formats. These formats, from various codecs, are highly condensed.

The enduser clicks on a website file, then the RealPlayer client requests your encoded content over the internet via a server, the RealServer sends it, the Player plays the file and the enduser hears, or sees & hears, (or interacts) with your content.

Real Audio or Video streams on demand live over the internet, the files do not need to be downloaded.

A good resource page explaining the technical differences between Server-less and Server-based video streaming. Take a look at Progressive's white paper on client/server software for more info. The advantages of the client /server model are:

  • efficient use of network bandwidth
  • better video quality to end users
  • scalability to a large number of users
  • protects content copyright
  • supports firewalls

Progressive sells both clients and servers, but also provides demo models of both for free.

2. Sample RealMedia Sites

The following sites have implemented RealMedia on the web in an innovative way, for such things as long distance learning. You need the RealAudio or RealVideo Player for these sites. The free RealPlayers are on the right side of the Real.com download page, the enhanced clients are on the left. These webpages provide documentation on their use.

Long Distance Learning
News
Syncronized Multimedia
Entertainment and Fun

3. Integral RealVideo Elements

RealPlayer
The client enables users to see and hear RealVideo clips. Components enable ActiveX and Netscape Plug-in capabilities.

RealVideo Encoder
Creates RealVideo clips. Uses digitized audio or video file, live audio or video signal.

Editing Tools
Modify, edit, cut and paste RealVideo clips; RMTools, RMMerge, RMEdit, and RMPaste.

RealServer
Delivers clips over a network simultaneously to many Players.

Web Browser
Client enables users to find RealVideo clips. Used to display the visual part of Synchronized Multimedia presentations.

Web Server
Delivers Web pages. Generally RealVideo clips are accessed by clicking a link on a Web page. Delivers the visual part of Synchronized Multimedia presentations.

HTTP Streaming
Provides short RealVideo clips from a World Wide Web server to a limited number of users.

RealMedia Formats

File extensions for RealMedia:

  • .rm - RealMedia clip - Audio and video encoded into RealVideo format via the Encoder. The .rm files may contain multiple streams; audio, video, image maps, and events.

  • .ram - RealAudio and RealVideo metafile - The metafile connects a Web page to one or more RealAudio or RealVideo clips. This text file contains the URL of clips on a RealServer.

  • .rpm - RealPlayer Plug-in metafile - same as a RealVideo metafile, but used with the RealPlayer Plug-in for browsers.

  • .ra - RealAudio clip - Audio encoded to RealAudio format. This file is created with RealAudio Encoders and works with RealAudio Player, RealPlayer, and the RealServer.

4. Creating Content

The Content Creation Guide is the place to get started creating RealAudio and RealVideo.

The Library page contains a download site for the 4.0 beta RealVideo Content Creation Docs in Acrobat Reader.

5. RealEncoder
Software Development Kits
Multimedia Goodies

To create RealMedia content you need the Encoder. It's easy to learn to encode files. The Encoder requires a juicy machine to do the compression algorithms, the 2.0 RealAudio Encoder version requires a Pentium 75 MHz, the 1.0 video Encoder version requires a video capture card and a P166 at minimum. A Dual Pentium Pro 200 is recommended for Live encoding of RealVideo clips.

The Encoder creates RealMedia content for the RealServer to deliver to the client, the RealAudio and RealVideo Players. For developers it features -

  • a high-level command line SDK
  • an intermediate VB SDK
  • and a low level C/C++ SDK
There are sample applications with source code built in C++ and Visual Basic that demonstrate basic features and provide a starting point for creating an application.

We provide specialized development tools. Also take a look at the multimedia content tools.

It is possible to stream RealAudio files via HTTP streaming without using the RealAudio Server or RealServer.

6. RealAudio Codecs
RealVideo Templates
Sound and Video Quality

Do you want your RealMedia files to sound better or do you want to use the bandwidth on the video portion of the clip? The new Encoder templates assist you in making decisions about which codecs, and video frame rates to use based on the quality of your content and the target bandwidth of your end viewers.

The Content Creation Templates guide displays all the choices so that you can easily create your own new templates based on the following considerations:

  • Target Bandwidth (14.4 to T1, T3)
  • Audio Codec
  • Video Bit Rate (Kbps)
  • Total Bit Rate (Kbps)
  • Video Quality
  • Frame Rate (fps)

RealAudio Codecs

ISDN codec - (56.0)
Suitable for all content, especially intranet based material. Great for ISDN, T1, T3 lines.

3.0 version 28.8 codec
A majority of internet users still connect at 28.8. Three codecs are provided at this rate, tailored for particular types of content.

  • Full - the best frequency response, thus well suited for classical music.
  • Medium - a slightly reduced frequency range, better suited for rock/pop music.
  • Narrow - narrow frequency response, less artifacts, well suited for news, talk, and interviews.
2.0 version 28.8 codec
The original RealAudio music grade codec. Superceeded by the 3.0 version of 28.8 codecs, some sites still support this codec due to the large RealAudio 2.0 listener base.

4.0 Low bit rate codecs
These new codecs designed to be used with video encodings, but the new 8.5Kbps codec out performs RealAudio 1.0. For video purposes,
  • 6.5 Kbps, good for voice grade applications,
  • and the 8.5 Kbps for music grade applications.
The 8.5Kbps is outstanding for the low bit rate class.

1.0 14.4 codec
The original RealAudio codec. Robust for voice grade applications. Superceeded by the 8.5Kbps codec, but a large number of listeners with 14.4 modems means many sites continue to support this codec.

7. RealServer

Progressive sells Audio and RealServers based on the number of streams they produce. All the pricing is available online, you may purchase and download Servers from the website. A 30-day free trial version is available.

If you wish to obtain only a few RealAudio or RealVideo streams many ISPs lease streams to individuals.

I asked a server customer why he was purchasing the RealServer from us, what made it compelling? He said,

  • The whole thing is online
  • In 15 minutes I set up and configured the RealServer
  • It is easy to use Progressive's products
  • Everybody has the Player

8. Online Docs

Progressive's site provides a ton of documentation online about using RealMedia tools, and how to overcome potencial difficulties.

are extensive sources of information so you don't have to wait for someone to give you the lowdown. If you have technical questions, feel free to ask questions through a support request.

Hard copies of the manuals are provided when you purchase Progressive Networks products, otherwise it is all online.

designed and written by Linda Lane
Questions?Comments?

Last updated Wednesday, April 30, 1997
background graphic curtesy adsum@eskimo.com